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CIVIL WAR (XA005)
不列顛內戰
What started as an argument over the position of the church furniture became a conflict between king and parliament and developed into one of the bloodiest episodes in the history of the British Isles - The Civil War. Tristam Hunt drives his way through the story of what used to be thought of as an English civil war between Roundheads and Cavaliers - and shows that it was in fact a war between three kingdoms and two religions. And its influences are still being felt to this day.
三百六十年前，英國人因宗教信仰而遭迫害、殉教。這是一個政治動盪、激進思想橫行的年代，是英國史上其中一個最黑暗、最殘酷的內戰時期，今天的英國仍深受影響。本系列細訴內戰的前因後果，再一次帶領大家經歷這場血腥的衝突，天主教與新教兩派的仇恨的根源。
1. THE BREAKDOWN (XA005/01V/02)
分裂局面：1637-1641
The series starts with the mutilation of Prynne, Burton and Bastwicke - seen as religious fundamentalists of their day by the established church. In Europe, Protestants and Catholics had been warring for over twenty years and in Protestant Britain there was a fear that Catholicism was on the rise. When the distrusted Charles I (and his Catholic Queen) introduces changes that seem to move towards Catholicism, Scotland, the most Protestant of Charles’ kingdoms, revolts. The resulting skirmishes meant that the King has to go to Parliament for money - they give him none and instead trump up charges against the Earl of Stafford - the King’s most loyal aid. The King caves in.
查理一世盲目奉行神聖君主制，他是教會之首亦是內戰的中心人物。自從他對教會引入富爭議的變革後，隨即激發起宗教對立以及愛爾蘭與蘇格蘭的宗族衝突，英國三島分裂一觸即發。這立英國君主如何把英格蘭、愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭立於血腥深淵邊緣? 英文發音，配上中文字幕。
30 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
2. TAKING SIDES (XA005/02V/02)
維護一方：1641-1644
Settling old scores in Ireland re-ignites tension between King and Parliament. King Charles declares war. Tristam examines the massacre of Protestants at Portadown on the Orange Lodges’ 12th July parade. What happened then is still carried on in the banners and in the collective memories of many of the people there. The settling of old scores here in the 17th century reignites tension between King Charles and Parliament in England.
1641年冬季，愛爾蘭的新教徒遭屠殺，展開了恐怖的種族清洗，英格蘭人、愛爾蘭人及蘇格蘭人互相鬥爭國民相殘，天主教與新教的教派分歧仍持續至今。當時英格蘭的保王黨與圓顱黨鬥爭進入白熱化，最後激化成為一場全面內戰。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
30 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
3. TOTAL WAR (XA005/03V/04)
全體戰爭：1644-1646
England, Scotland and Ireland are at total war. Cromwell has a devastating effect on the royalists and Charles surrenders. The battle of Marston Moor was a disaster for the royalists and a great victory for Cromwell. But Charles still controls the West Country while Scotland has recently fallen to the King ‘s ally, Montrose. The three kingdoms are descending into total war. At Donnington, just outside Reading, the King troops steal arms from under the Roundheads noses and Cromwell realises that the parliamentarian army does not have the courage to see the fight against the King to the end.
1644年，內戰爆發兩年後，在圓顱黨與保王黨蹂躪下英格蘭滿目瘡痍。支持國王的保王軍退回約克，卻在約克城外，遇上支持議會的圓顱黨，兩軍正面交鋒引發一場最大型的戰爭。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
30 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
4. END GAME (XA005/04V/04)
最後階段：1646-1649
As the King is under lock and key, the army debates the future. English Socialism is born, the King loses his head and England. Scotland and Ireland are united under a military dictator. After four days in a pub in the fens, the king gives himself up to the Scots. But new Catholic victories in Ireland unite the Scots and English and the king is sold back to the English parliamentarians. Now, as a prisoner on House arrest, he becomes a pawn in a bigger game.
查理一世引發的宗教與君權的內戰，演變成宗族仇恨。這位最妄自尊大的國王到最後的階段仍死不悔改企圖分化敵人策劃第二次內戰，最後被送上斷頭台。這段黑暗的時期仍影響著今天英國的政治。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
30 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
THE EASTERN TRADITION
東方歷史
The primary purpose of this series is to inform and thereby diminish prejudice which continues to affect the world and is largely rooted in ignorance. We have seen the sad result of prejudice on a massive scale in the last century, be it in Bosnia, Rwanda or elsewhere.
亞洲是地球上一個遼闊而又多彩多姿的最大一塊大陸，擁有最古老的文明傳統，有著最璀燦的藝術寶庫。本系列共十三集帶領觀眾一同尋找文化精神的脈承，縱橫穿梭歷史的痕跡，親身感受數千年的經典旋律，輝煌而悠久的東方歷史。備有中文字幕。
1. CHINA: PART 1
中國（一）
Even the neolithic age shows a high cultural development (jade). The verifiable history begins in 1550 BC with the Shang Dynasty, famous for bronze artifacts. The art of writing developed ca. 1300. Shang culture dominated the following dynasties. The Spring & Autumn period (770-476) saw the emergence of Confucius and Lao Tse. The first Emperor of a united China was Qin Shi-huang. 28 mins.
新石器時代的翡翠玉器已展現了中國文化的源遠流長。公元前十五世紀的商朝青銅器的鑄造技巧已經發展至高峰。春秋時代孔子與老子思想嶄露頭角。秦始皇是中國皇帝制度的創立者，他是統一秦王朝的開國皇帝。備有中文字幕。
2. CHINA: PART 2
中國（二）
Qin Shi-huang administration. Technological advances. Confucianism becomes the State Religion (124). Trade flourishes - Silk Route - Emperor Wudi's conquests. Buddhism enters China. The great T'ang Dynasty, conquests and the arts. The An Lushan incident and decline of the T'ang. Reaction against Buddhism and the Mongol invasion. 28 mins.
從歷史的遺物再細看秦始皇統治下的中國，工藝技術的進步。孔子學說成為中國道德倫理的教育思想。絲綢之路橫貫歐亞突顯當時貿易的興旺，而佛教傳入中國弘揚至今。唐朝盛世天朝工藝品展現大唐風采，安史之亂招致唐朝滅亡。宋代南北朝出現反佛教之爭，另有蒙古外患之憂。備有中文字幕。
3. CHINA: PART 3
中國（三）
The Yuan Dynasty conquers the Song. Marco Polo. Anti-Mongol revolts and the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Yongle, builder of the Forbidden City. Maritime expeditions. The Manchu help defeat Hideyoshi and take control. Emperor Chienlung. Taiping rebellion and Cixi. Rise of the Communist Pary (1921). Chaotic times. The PRC is proclaimed 1 October 1949. The new and emerging China. 28 mins.
鐵木真大可汗滅亡南宋改國號為元，九十七年後被朱元璋滅亡建立明朝。明成祖派遣鄭和船隊下西洋，打通東南亞，印度洋的海上交通，向外誇示中國的富強。滿清打敗豐臣秀吉勢力強大，入主中國建立滿清皇朝，乾隆建立最後一個盛世，太平天國與慈禧招致滿清滅亡。共產黨抬頭，一九四九年中華人民共和國正式成立。備有中文字幕。
4. JAPAN: PART 1
日本（一）
Shinto, as old as Japan, has no sacred text, no founder, no creed. It is a way of life. Buddhism came via Korea and splintered into many sects, but dominated Nara. Shotoku, Prince Charming of Japan. The influential Fujiwara (for 1000 years) and the Kamakura era (shogun and ole of Emperor). The arts flourished: lacquer, painting. Mongols are defeated. Hundreds of fiefdoms vie for control. 28 mins.
神道教簡稱神教，是日本的傳統民族宗教。佛教自六世紀中葉從韓國傳入日本，而奈良佛教是指從中國移植來的佛教傳統所建立的奈良六宗，聖德太子時代大力弘揚佛教。平安時代過後進入鐮倉幕府時代，雖值戰亂頻生，但美術文化卻長足進展。備有中文字幕。
5. JAPAN: PART 2
日本（二）
Leadership emerges under Nobunaga, Hideyoshi (fascinating personality) and Ieyasu begins the rigid the Tokugawa era (1603 - 1867). Porcelain (initially from Korea) and painting (Utamaro, Hiroshige) flourish. Isolation till Commodore Perry appears and (indirectly) precipitates the Meiji restoration. Modernization and defeat in WW II. Japan rising from the ashes. 28 mins.
戰國時代群雄割據政局紛亂，織田信長，豐田秀吉，德川家族相繼崛起。這段時期瓷器藝術及浮世繪湧現。十八世紀美國海軍准將潑萊率領艦隊駛抵日本恢復對外貿易間接促成明治維新改革。第二次世界大戰後，戰敗的日本實施大規模革新運動，成為民主國家。備有中文字幕。
6. INDIA: PART 1
印度（一）
The urban Indus Valley civilization (Mohenjo Daro), the Aryan invasion, the origins of Hinduism (re-incarnation, caste system) without founder, sacred text or dogma, the beginning of Jainism (Mahavira) the ascendancy of Buddhism through Ashoka occupied the first 1500 years of Indian history. The Pallava in the South and other dynasties (Hoysala, et al) engaged in warfare. The Muslim conquest (Ghazni, Moh. of Ghur, Aibak, Baburr) laid the foundation of the Mogul Empire. 28 mins.
印度是世界四大文明古國之一，四千年前曾發明摩亨殊達魯文字。雅利安人入侵建立種姓制度。印度人自古以多種名字稱呼自己的宗教，直至十九世紀稱為印度教。印度教與佛教頗有淵源，由雅利安人帶入印度。南印度的帕那亞王朝與其他王朝戰雲密佈。回教傳入印度，蒙古人入侵建立莫臥爾帝國。備有中文字幕。
7. INDIA: PART 2
印度（二）
Akbar - greatest of Mogul Emperors, tolerant, able (administration, military). Shah Jehan built the Taj Mahal. Aurangzeb's intolerance (the Sikhs) began the decline of the Empire. The British gained influence through treaties and wars (Rajput, Marathas, Sepoy Rebellion). The National Congress and Ghandi faced the Muslim league and Jinnah and led to the division of India and the ultimate independence of both Pakistan an India. 28 mins. 巴布爾打敗印度大軍攻陷德里建立莫臥爾帝國，沙賈漢在位期間為他死於難產的第二個妻子修築了泰姬陵。隨莫臥爾帝國開始衰退，印度民族起義爆發後英國擊敗西帕衣團，在印度獨霸一方。後甘地發動獨立運動，把印度最終分成印度和巴基斯坦。備有中文字幕。
8. KOREA: PART 1
韓國（一）
Three kingdoms (Paekche, Kogoryo, Silla) fought internecine wars till Silla emerged (Kyongju - glittering capital) and accepted Buddhism, although Confucianism remained strong. Successful resistance to Chinese, Khitan and Mongols invasions to maintain Korean identity. The Yi Dynasty strongly favored Confucianism (celadon porcelain, moveable type).
百濟，高句麗，新羅建於一世紀，是古代朝鮮的三個王國，佛教傳入韓國產生巨大的影響。儒教是韓國的倫理體系，朝鮮王朝以儒教為國教。成功阻止中國，契丹及蒙古人入侵使韓國得以保留。備有中文字幕。
9. KOREA: PART 2
韓國（二）
Sejong the Great was interested in everything from science and agriculture to music. Buddhism (minor) and Confucianism (major) co-existed. The invasion of Hideyoshi (Japan) and others led to"The Hermit Kingdom." Christianity became significant. The Tonghak movement allowed Japan to interfere. Japanese occupation ended with WW II. The Korean War devastated the nation but the South emerged with renewed energy has become a major player in the word economy. 28 mins.
李朝世宗十分重視科學，農業及音樂，精通儒學並作為治國之策。日本豐臣秀吉與其他民族入侵這隱士王國。基督教傳入漸被韓國人接受。第二次世界大戰日本佔領韓國，日本戰敗撤退，但其後韓半島分為南北兩部份。備有中文字幕。
10. INDONESIA/MALAYSIA
印度尼西亞與馬來西亞
The 'indianization' of both countries gave way to Islam. Malacca (Malaysia) became the key trade center of Asia (China) and Portuguese, Dutch and British arrived. The latter gained ascendancy without warfare and gained Sarawak as well (Brooke) Srivijaya (maritime kingdom) did not survive. The Dutch faced formidable enemies in Indonesia (Mataram, Diponegoro) and after WWII both countries gained independence. 28 mins.
伊斯蘭教是印度尼西亞和馬來西亞主要的宗教。十六世紀歐洲人及荷蘭人佔領土地建立殖民地。馬來西亞是東南亞主要的貿易中心，商船川航其海峽使馬來半島崛起。第二次世界大戰後印度尼西亞與馬來西亞分別成功爭取獨立。備有中文字幕。
11. OTTOMAN: PART 1
土耳其（一）
Turkish tribes accepted Islam and moved west, founded the short-lived Seljuk kingdom destroyed by Mongols. Osman - founder of the Ottoman Empire-seized the moment. His son reached Europe and Murad extended the realm. Officials and Janissaries were ex-Christian slaves (no stigma attached). Mehmed conquered Constantinople. A new era began. 28 mins.
十一世紀塞爾柱突厥人入侵小亞細亞，形成一系列地方伊斯蘭政權。其後奧斯曼脫穎而出統一小亞細亞，征服西亞，東歐和北非各地建立土耳其帝國。奧斯曼帝國軍隊中最有名氣的耶尼切亞軍隊，隊員是前基督徒奴隸。穆罕默德二世攻陷君士坦丁堡。備有中文字幕。
12. OTTOMAN: PART 2
土耳其（二）
Suleiman, greatest of all Ottoman Emperors (Rhodes), legislator, educator, builder (Sinan) and worthy opponent of the Hapsburg. With his son the slow decline began. Harem politics, extravagant luxury hastened the decline (Topkapi, Beylerbei, Mosques). Ahmed built the Blue Mosque. Tulipmania was a strange phase. Young Turks organized, among them Kemal Ataturk, father of modern Turkey (1923). 28 mins.
在奧斯曼帝國蘇萊曼大帝領導下，土耳其達到光輝強盛的頂點，他是一名立法者，教育家，建築家並被哈布斯堡王朝視為值得尊敬的對手。可惜其子的奢華浪費及後宮鬥爭招致瓦解。一九二三年土耳其國父建立土耳其共和國。備有中文字幕。
13. THAILAND/CAMBODIA
泰國與柬埔寨
'Indianization' was followed by Hinayana Buddhism. The Khmer (Cambodia) flourished (Angkor Wat) and declined. Small Thai kingdoms (Ayudhia, Sukhotai, Lan Na - not properly Thai) were finally defeated by the Burmese, which led to a new beginning in Thonbury (Bangkok) under Rama. Thailand remained independent (Japanese occupation). Temples and Palaces. The French left Cambodia which gained independence as well.
28 mins.
進入兩個小乘佛教的國度，柬埔寨的吳哥窟充份發揮高棉人高超的建築和雕刻藝術，柬埔寨有兩千年以上的歷史，十一世紀小乘佛教自北方的印度傳入至今有九成柬埔寨人信奉佛教。泰國歷史可追溯至史前時代，因地域性不同加上融合鄰國文化，呈現不同文化與建築風格。蘭那王國時期與緬甸發生多次戰爭。備有中文字幕。
HERITAGE OF THE WORLD
歐洲世界遺產
All over the World you can find traces of many thousands of years of shared history. Some of these unique locations are considered to have a universal significance and are officially listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
These heritage sites reflect the different phases of human development and civilization. What all of them have in common is that they possess a unique universal value. One site may be a masterpiece of human creativity; another may represent an important period in human history. This series takes a closer look at a selection of these World Heritage Sites. What influence was and is exerted on the people and the surrounding area and what influence have people had on the heritage sites.
世界遺產是地球及人類所遺留的偉大自然及文化文明的見證。聯合國教科文組織評鑑的世界遺產以歐洲為最集中之處。本系列共二十六集介紹歐洲不同地方世界遺產，讓觀眾更深切體會其歷史及文化價值。原版英文發音。
1. CITY OF LUXEMBOURG - LUXEMBOURG
盧森堡市
The city of Luxembourg in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has enormous cultural value. The bulwarks of the fort and the old city are quite exceptional. So much so that they were listed as a World Heritage Site in 1994.
15 mins.
English version
2. THE OLD MINING TOWN OF ROROS - NORWAY
挪威勒羅斯
In the 17th century copper was discovered near Roros. The copper factory in Roros was active for 333 years before it closed in 1977. The company controlled mines, woods and even canals, all with one goal: the production of copper.
15 mins.
English version
3. MILL NETWORK AT KINDERDIJK - NETHERLANDS
荷蘭鹿特丹「小孩堤防」
For nearly two centuries the windmills of Kinderdijk have pumped excess water out of the polder. Kinderdijk has all the elements of a hydraulic system to keep the land dry: dykes, pumping stations, reservoirs and, of course, the windmills.
15 mins.
English version
4. HISTORIC CENTRE OF OPORTO - PORTUGAL
葡萄牙奧理圖市
The city of Oporto lies on a hill next to the river Douro and contains many historical locations. The history of Oporto goes back more than 800 years, a good reason to preserve its heritage for future generations.
15 mins.
English version
5. THE SEMMERING RAILWAY - AUSTRIA
?地利隡瑪林鐵道
The Semmering Railway or Ghega line follows a beautiful route through the Austrian Alps. Built between 1848 and 1854, the railway represented a triumph of civil engineering for the time.
15 mins.
English version
6. Stonehenge & Avebury – United Kingdom
英國巨石陣
The county of Wiltshire contains the most famous stone circles in the world: Stonehenge and Avebury. The meaning of the circles remains a mystery to this day but, together with their surroundings, they form an important testament to pre-history.
15 mins.
English version
7. MONT SAINT-MICHEL - FRANCE
法國聖米謝島
Mont Saint-Michel and the bay surrounding it are located on the northwest coast of France, on the border between Normandy and Brittany. The effect of tides and sandbars down the ages has given the area a remarkable appearance.
15 mins.
English version
8. GAUDI IN BARCELONA - SPAIN
西班牙巴塞隆那安東尼高第建築杰作
The remarkable style of the buildings designed by Antoni Gaudi i Cornet at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century surpassed the national level of architecture in Spain. They include Parc Guell, Casa Vincens, Palau Guell, Casa Mila and Casa Batlla.
15 mins.
English version
9. GRAND PLACE, BRUSSELS - BELGIUM
比利時布魯薩爾皇宮
Brussels’ Grand Place has been celebrated and criticized but always a prominent feature of the capital of Europe. It’s a city full of architectural riches. The buildings in the Grand Place date from the late 17th century.
15 mins.
English version
10. BAUHAUS - GERMANY
德國包豪斯建築學院
The Bauhaus school was formed in Weimar in 1919 and later moved to Dessau. Its revolutionary principles were vital to the development of modern architecture in the 20th century.
15 mins.
English version
11. JELLING’S MOUNDS & RUNIC STONES - DENMARK
丹麥傑林墓地和如尼石碑
The burial mounds of Jelling and one of the runic stones are examples of the pagan tradition. The 2nd runic stone and the church illustrate the transition of the Danes towards Christianity. The church and the burial mounds have still not revealed all their secrets. One thing we know for sure is that the large runic stone near the church is the birth certificate of Denmark.
15 mins.
English version
12. BRYGGEN - NORWAY
挪威布瑞金木屋群
Bryggen, the ancient port of Bergen in Norway, was an important Hanseatic town from the 14th to the 16th century. This is clearly visible from the characteristic wooden houses.
15 mins.
English version
13. WOUDA STEAM PUMPING STATION - NETHERLANDS
荷蘭菲仕蘭沃達抽水站
The Wouda pumping station near Lemmer in Friesland went into operation in 1920 and is the biggest steam pumping station ever built in the Netherlands. Under extreme weather conditions, when there is heavy rain and a hard northeasterly wind, the Wouda pumping station is started up again.
15 mins.
English version
14. HISTORIC CENTRE OF SALZBURG - GERMANY
德國薩爾斯堡
Salzburg was the city at the centre of salt production and salt trade. Salt was the white gold that brought riches and power. Salzburg is also the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The city contains a wealth of gothic and baroque architecture.
15 mins.
English version
15. THE FOUR HYDRAULIC BOATLIFTS - BELGIUM
比利時船集水壓升降架
The four boatlifts in the Canal du Centre were built in the late 19th and early 20th century. They are still in their original state and are the only hydraulic boatlifts in the world still in operation. Together with the Canal du Centre they represent a good example of the 19th century industrial landscape.
15 mins.
English version
16. LAPONIAN AREA - SWEDEN
瑞典北方沙米拉普人居住區
Around 70,000 Sami still live in the beautiful landscape of northern Scandinavia, spread across four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. They themselves do not recognize political boundaries and refer to their land as Sapmi.
15 mins.
English version
17. SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA - SPAIN
西班牙聖地牙哥
Santiago de Compostela is a renowned place of pilgrimage in northwest Spain, where an ancient legend claims the apostle James is buried. The pilgrims’ trail is one of the oldest European traditions and has followed more or less the same route from time immemorial.
15 mins.
English version
18. THE ROYAL SALTWORKS OF ARC-ET-SENANS – FRANCE
法國塞南皇家製鹽場
The Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans was placed on the list of World Heritage Sites in 1982 because of its exceptional cultural value. Claude Nicolas Ledoux, the master of symmetry, designed the complex as a kind of ideal city, one where living and working flowed seamlessly one into another.
15 mins.
English version
19. PALACES AND PARKS OF POTSDAM AND BERLIN - GERMANY
德國波茨坦無憂宮
Potsdam is situated in the middle of a ring of parks and palaces built between 1730 and 1916. The ring extends as far as Berlin-Zehlendorf, with the parks and palaces on the bank of the Havel and Lake Glienicke.
15 mins.
English version
20. VENICE AND ITS LAGOON - ITALY
意大利威尼斯
Venice is unique in the world: an architectural tour-de-force built on 118 islands in a lagoon of the Adriatic Sea. Old documents show the city was founded as long ago as 421.
15 mins.
English version
21. CHURCH VILLAGE OF GAMMELSTAD - SWEDEN
瑞典北部朝聖木屋村落
Gammelstad is a unique village in northern Sweden. The 424 wooden huts forming the village are only used by the churchgoers at the weekends and on religious holidays.
15 mins.
English version
22. CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF WACHAU - AUSTRIA
奧地利維也納西部Wachau 多腦河谷
Wachau is situated between Melk and Krems in Austria, part of the Danube valley with a great natural, cultural and historical value. The history of the region and its viniculture dates back to prehistoric times.
15 mins.
English version
23. CITY OF BATH – UNITED KINGDOM
英國公立巴斯學院
The Romans discovered pleasant thermal springs in the county of Wiltshire and built a settlement there, known as “Aqua Sulis”, which became present-day Bath on the River Avon. During the 18th century Bath developed into a city with architecture and urban planning unique in England.
15 mins.
English version
24. DEFENCE LINE OF AMSTERDAM - NETHERLANDS
荷蘭阿姆斯特丹水道
The Defence Line of Amsterdam is a system of defence works constructed between 1880 and 1920. It consists of a ring of forts; dams; locks; dykes and ramparts around Amsterdam. It turned the waterways into a weapon under the control of the army and made a military conquest of Amsterdam virtually impossible.
15 mins.
English version
25. ROSKILDE CATHEDRAL - DENMARK
丹麥洛斯基爾德大教堂
The cathedral of Roskilde was built in the 12th and 13th centuries and was the first gothic cathedral made of brick. Since the 15th century it has functioned as the mausoleum for the Danish royal family.
15 mins.
English version
26. CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF SINTRA - PORTUGAL
葡萄牙辛特拉
Sintra lies in the splendid coastal landscape of western Portugal just north of Lisbon. Numerous kings and other aristocrats built their summer retreats in this miniature paradise. In the 19th century Sintra became the first centre of European Romantic architecture.
15 mins.
English version
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