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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT (DU310)
全球環保政策
This series identifies, illustrates and explains the nature of environmental problems facing the developed countries of the West, countries in transition and developing countries.
日趨嚴重的環保問題已成為全球關注的焦點，保護環境實在刻不容援。本系列介紹西方以至發展中國家的政府與環保組織，如何制定與推行環保計劃保護地球的生態環境。
1. GLOBAL WARMING: GLOBAL POLICY? (DU310/01V)
全球暖化：全球政策
Although scientists had become aware of the problem of climate change and greenhouse gases in the 1970s, global warming did not became a hot political issue until the mid 1980s. This programme focuses on the agencies involved in formulating an inter-national response to this situation. This programme features footage from both the Second and Third Conference of Parties held by those states who have ratified the Framework Convention on Climate Change and interviews with scientists, politicians and environmental pressure groups.
歷年來地球一直受氣候劇變影響，有證據顯示部分轉變可能是由人類造成。全球暖化會影響生態系統、農業、水源和人類健康。聯合國成立的「政府間氣候變化專門委員會」，以蒐集研究資料，並評估氣候變遷可能帶來的影響。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
29 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
2. THE BLACK TRIANGLE (DU310/02V)
黑三角計劃
This programme presents a case study focusing on transboundary air pollution and international co-operation. The Black Triangle is an area stretching over parts of the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany, which suffers from extensive environmental degradation as a result of power producers and industrial plants burning fossil fuels, as well as natural conditions which exacerbate air pollution. Political, economic and safety motives, alongside concern about environmental problems, have led to an EU co-ordinated project to help solve these environmental problems.
黑三角是歐洲最高度污染的地區之一，歐洲共同體制訂了黑三角計劃，目的是協調波蘭、德國及捷克這三個黑三角國家減少環境污染。本節目探討有關煙道氣閘、重新造林、能源節約與及替代能源等政策，如何能把歐洲污染最嚴重的地區轉變為無污染的地方。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
25 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
3. DESERTIFICATION: A THREAT TO PEACE (DU310/03V)
沙漠化：環境與社會問題
Desertification, the process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, provides the focus for this programme. Recorded in Kenya, it examines the way of life of the pastoral nomads. The problems faced by these tribes are part of the wider international problems of desertification, poverty and inequality. The programme looks at the definition, causes and extent of desertification, and at the conflicts of interest to which it gives rise - for example between pastoralists and settled farms, between agricultural and industrial ways of life and between the North and the South.
土地劣化導致土壤質素變壞，土壤遭侵蝕削減樹木和草原數目，這過程最終引致沙漠化。沙漠化不單是自然科學也是社會問題。本節目以肯雅的遊牧民族所面對的生活問題，探討土地劣化對社會造成的影響以及聯合國沙漠化會議制訂的環境政策。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
24 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
4. FUELLING THE PHILIPPINE TIGER (DU310/04V)
高污染工業
After years of military dictatorship, the Philippines is now giving priority to economic development by opening its doors to international companies. This programme looks at the problems relating to the multinational corporation Shell, in its business location in the Philippines. It asks how the dilemma between the apparently conflicting goals of environmental protection and economic development can be resolved. Oil companies like Shell contribute to environmental pollution, although in the Philippines, Shell prides itself as being at the forefront of environmental and safety measures, and all its industrial emissions are monitored.
隨著軍事獨裁政府倒台，菲律賓開放經濟門戶引進外商投資。由於當地環保標準較低，大量高污染工業興起造成嚴重環境污染。本節目以蜆殼公司為個案研究，介紹該機構如何在環保的大前題下經營業務。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
24 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
5. THE NORTH SEA: MANAGING THE COMMON POOL (DU310/05V)
海洋污染：北海
For many years, the North Sea has been treated both as an infinite resource and as a sink in which to dispose of waste. In the 1970s, various groups highlighted the fact that industrialization, population growth, increasing use of resources and rapidly developing agriculture were all causing serious environmental problems. However, recognizing that the management of the North Sea needs an integrated approach, the German government took the initiative to try to respond, culminating in the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development. This programme highlights the difficulties of securing international co-operation, and examines the role played by the scientific community and non-governmental organizations in finding solutions.
位於大西洋東部的北海由七個國家包圍，是全球污染最嚴重的海域。一直以來，附近沿海國家把廢料排放到公海造成問題。本節目探討各國政府、科學家及其他組織，如何合力解決及管理北海的環境問題，另外亦會探究北海國之間的利益衝突。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
24 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
6. CLAYOQUOT SOUND: THE FINAL CUT? (DU310/06V)
停止砍伐溫帶雨林
Clayoquot Sound is an area of temperate rain forest on Vancouver Island, off the west coast of British Columbia, known as a biodiversity hotspot. The high percentage of the forest that has been logged, the logging techniques used, and government pro-logging policy are all causing concern to environmentalists and the local indigenous people. This programme looks at conflicts of interest at local, regional and global levels by focusing on the world of environmental non-governmental organizations, who have set out some of their views on the environmental problems in Clayoquot Sound and explain some of the things they have tried to do in order to influence environmental policy.
位於加拿大西岸的溫帶雨林，生態環境獨特孕育的生物種類繁多尤勝熱帶雨林。但當地的伐木業過度開採破壞生態環境，本節目探討當地各環保組織如何向政府施壓力求保護這片溫帶雨林。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
23 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
LANDFILL FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM (T237/05/03V)
新世紀堆填區
Modern landfill sites are a world away from the landfill sites of the 1970s. Stringent new controls imposed by the EU mean that certain types of waste are completely prohibited and landfill gas emissions, odor and leachates have to be tightly monitored. All this means that landfill sites are now becoming more expensive to design, operate and maintain, leading to a shift towards recycling, composting and energy from waste incineration. This programme explores the pros and cons of landfill, documents how sites are selected designed and operated and shows how greenhouse gases are extracted and leachates treated.
現代廢物製造毒性極高的化學混合物，若沒有適當覆蓋或排出會對公共衛生構成威脅。因為循環再造，能源回收和減少廢物都有局限，所以必須提高堆填水平，引入尖端科技甚至設立更多限制和防護措施。英文發音，配上中文字幕。
25 mins.
English with Chinese Subtitles
LANDSCAPE MYSTERIES (XA008)
大地揭秘：英國
Professor Aubrey Manning embarks on a new set of journeys in which he tries to solve mysteries arising from the landscape of the British Isles. He will search for clues in the geology, natural history, and archaeology to explain why the land has come to look the way it does.
大地上遺留下不同的歷史痕跡，有些帶著神秘的傳說解不開的謎團。考古學家、地質學家、歷史學家共同努力尋找真相，重組當年的面貌，把遺失的歷史片段重現眼前。
1. IN SEARCH OF IRISH GOLD (XA008/01V)
尋找愛爾蘭金庫
Professor Aubrey Manning travels to Ireland in search of a Celtic Eldorado, a secret source of Bronze Age gold, buried more than 3,000 years ago. How can clues in the landscape help Aubrey work out if and where deposits still exist?
地質學家曼尼教授前往愛爾蘭尋找埋藏在地超過三千年歷史，青銅器時期的塞爾特人的黃金國。這寶庫是否仍然存在? 原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
2. FIGURES IN THE CHALK (XA008/02V)
白堊標記
Professor Aubrey Manning travels to the Chalk Hills of England to unravel the origins of the enigmatic chalk figure such as the Long Man of Wilmington and the Cerne Abbas Giant in Dorset. The age of these chalk figures has never been fully established and Aubrey alongside a team of archaeologists from Reading University, come up with a remarkable new discovery.
曼尼教授聯同英國閱丁大學一支考古隊伍到白堊丘研究不可思議的白堊標記，例如：威明頓的 Long Man，多西特的 Cerne Abbas Giant 巨人標記。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
3. BRITAIN BEFORE THE ICE? (XA008/03V)
冰河時期前的英國
In 1823 the skeleton of a young man who died 29,000 years was found in the Gower Peninsula in South Wales. Professor Aubrey Manning attempts to unravel the mystery of the lost world in which this man lived.
一八二三年英國南威爾斯高爾半島發掘出約二萬九千年的男性骸骨。曼尼教授試圖解開這段時期的生活環境。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
4. SECRETS OF THE FLOOD (XA008/04V)
海岸下沉的秘密
Professor Aubrey Manning collects evidence of a flooded landscape beneath the Solent. The explanation is the land movements that have occurred since the melting of the huge layers of ice that were centred on Scotland more than 8000 years ago. As the weight of ice over Scotland was reduced, the land rose. The UK effectively tilted and southern Britain sank slowly into the sea. The effect is still going on and Antony Long from the Environment Research Centre is one of those involved in vital work to gauge the advancing sea levels and decide on the best response. As the sea encroaches further into low lying areas of southern Britain, the main question is whether to build ever bigger barriers or simply to allow the advance to progress naturally, with the accompanying salt marsh forming its own barrier.
約八千年前英國受冰河侵蝕形成山谷。大陸冰河大規模退卻，冰河溶解使海平面上升，海水入侵山谷形成峽灣。曼尼教授往索倫特海峽尋找有關證據。環境研究中心專家對英國南部下沉展開研究工作。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
5. THE TOWER PEOPLE OF SHETLAND (XA008/05V)
雪特蘭群島上的史前圖塔
On the remote Shetland Isles, a series of monumental towers ?known as Brochs ?once dominated the landscape. Aubrey sets off to discover what sort of community built the Brochs towers and for what purpose.
The latest clues are coming from a major new archaeological site at Scatness in the southern mainland of Shetland. Here the remains of a Broch settlement are helping to build a picture of the life of these ancient Iron Age people. New studies of the foundations of the Broch suggest a much earlier date for the structure than previously thought. It means the Brochs were built centuries before the Romans advanced up the British coast. Their function seems to have been as a home for the elite of the society. Aubrey concludes that here, on the edge of Europe, the Broch communities were far more advanced than those living in the rest of Northern Europe at the same period.
曼尼教授帶領觀眾前往雪特蘭南面島上一殘存圖塔的考古遺址，看看來自布福特大學的考古學家講解有關建造圖塔的古代鐵器時期人類的生活。考古學家最近發展圖塔的建造時期可能早於鐵器時代。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
6. THE ABANDONED MARSH (XA008/06V)
荒廢的沼澤
On the Romney Marsh in Kent, there are ruined churches in the middle of fields and tales of towns lost at sea. At some time, the area supported a much bigger population than it does now. Aubrey sets out to find out what happened to these lost communities and why the Marsh is now one of the most deserted areas in the country.
Jill Eddison is the main source of information about the loss of population on the marshes. The encroaching sea, storms and disease were the main factors, perhaps the most surprising being an epidemic of malaria - the so-called ‘ague’. Historian, Mary Dobson explains that this arose from the badly drained stagnant marshes, which was the last straw for an unhealthy population.
By the 19th century, the drainage was improved, and the health of the people improved. But it was too late to change the pattern of settlement. In the 20th century, the fields on the Marsh became even bigger, leaving the bleak landscape we see today.
英格蘭肯特郡英吉利海峽沿岸的大片平地拉姆尼沼澤，可以找到一些城鎮的廢墟。考古學家推算這裡曾是熱鬧的社區，究竟什麼東西可以摧毀一個城市？歷史學家解釋惡劣的排水系統就是主兇。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
7. THE RIDDLE OF THE YORKSHIRE TRACKS (XA008/07V)
約克石紋之謎
Strange parallel tracks in the rocks on the North Yorkshire coast are the starting point for an investigation which tells a forgotten story from Britain’s industrial past. Aubrey discovers that at the beginning of the 17th century, long before the industrial revolution, the now deserted coastline south of Whitby was dominated by Britain’s first chemical industry. It produced alum, the vital ingredient which allowed textiles to be permanently dyed. Aubrey traces the development of the industry and on the beach at Ravenscar, he meets John Buglass who has placed together a picture of the whole operation. Packhorses brought the barrels of alum down to the beach; carts running in the specially cut rutways then carried the load out to boats that were beached on the rocks.
Aubrey imagines what this deserted coastline might have looked like two hundred years ago - teeming with ships, horse-drawn carts, and thousands of workers servicing an industry which has now completely disappeared
曼尼教授追查在約克郡北部海岸石上出現兩條奇怪的平衡線的來源。兩條石紋見證了英國工業過去的歷史，二百多年前工業發展蓬勃，紡織染製業發展迅速，馬車把一桶桶染料運到海邊的貨船。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
8. THE TERRACES OF AVALON (XA008/08V)
西方樂土島上的台階
For many years, one of the mysteries surrounding Glastonbury has been the origin of a series of stepped terraces on the tor. Were they part of a Neolithic worshipping ground, and are they a clue to the myths and legends which have long been linked to Glastonbury?
Having established that the terraces are not natural features, Aubrey talks to historian Ron Hutton about the idea that the terraces could be a maze, created by Neolithic people. Aubrey next examines the idea that the terraces were linked to fortifications on the tor, perhaps associated with the legend of King Arthur. A new geophysical survey of one of the terraces, carried out by Meg Watters, has found no evidence of fortifications or any other kind of building on the terraces. Aubrey concludes that the terraces were created for strip farming by the monks of Glastonbury Abbey. They had already drained and reclaimed the Somerset Levels to provide pasture and the terraces would have given them valuable dry arable land.
傳說亞瑟王及其部下死後葬於格拉斯頓伯里，建於崎嶇石山上的台階長廊錯綜複雜，是否新石器時代的人搭建的呢？是否跟亞瑟王的傳說有關? 一份新的地球物理學勘測調查指示這是僧侶採用的土地帶狀分配法。原版英文發音。
30 mins.
English version
LIFE IN EBB AND FLOW
國際重要濕地：瓦登海
The Wadden Sea is a dynamic environment with huge changing tides that create a tidal flat of 8.000 square kilometers - the largest coastal wetland in Europe. The animals and plants that live here - in the water, on the seabed or on land - have adapted remarkable strategies to survive in such a variable environment. This programme explores the many colourful creatures and plants that eke out an existence on this vast tidal flat, the effects of pollution and development and the efforts of conservationists to preserve the wetland’s delicate balance.
荷蘭丹麥地區的瓦登海是世界第二大的「國際重要濕地」 (或稱蘭姆薩濕地)，這塊重要的濕地海床裡聚居了無數的動植物。原版英文發音。
52 mins.
English version
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